📜 Important Articles of the Indian Constitution – Complete Static GK Notes
Post Date: October 22, 2025
By: JobVaale.com – Find all jobs at one place
🇮🇳 Introduction
The Constitution of India is the supreme law of the land, laying down the framework for political principles, structure of government, and fundamental rights of citizens.
It came into effect on 26 January 1950, marking India’s transition to a sovereign democratic republic.
Every year, multiple questions in SSC, UPSC, CDS, NDA, Banking, and State PSC exams are asked directly from the Articles of the Indian Constitution.
This post covers the most important articles — simplified for quick learning and last-minute revision.
🏛️ Key Articles of the Indian Constitution (Topic-wise)
🔹 Part I – The Union and Its Territory (Articles 1 to 4)
| Article |
Description |
| Article 1 |
Name and territory of the Union – India, that is Bharat, shall be a Union of States. |
| Article 2 |
Admission or establishment of new States. |
| Article 3 |
Formation of new States and alteration of areas, boundaries, or names of existing States. |
| Article 4 |
Laws made under Articles 2 and 3 not to be deemed as constitutional amendments. |
🔹 Part II – Citizenship (Articles 5 to 11)
| Article |
Description |
| Article 5 |
Citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution. |
| Article 6 |
Rights of citizenship of certain persons who migrated from Pakistan to India. |
| Article 7 |
Rights of citizenship of migrants to Pakistan. |
| Article 10 |
Continuance of the rights of citizenship. |
| Article 11 |
Parliament to regulate the right of citizenship by law. |
🔹 Part III – Fundamental Rights (Articles 12 to 35)
| Article |
Fundamental Right |
| Article 12 |
Definition of the State. |
| Article 13 |
Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of Fundamental Rights are void. |
| Article 14 |
Equality before law. |
| Article 15 |
Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth. |
| Article 16 |
Equality of opportunity in public employment. |
| Article 17 |
Abolition of untouchability. |
| Article 18 |
Abolition of titles. |
| Article 19 |
Right to Freedom (Speech, Expression, Assembly, Movement, etc.). |
| Article 20 |
Protection in respect of conviction for offences. |
| Article 21 |
Protection of life and personal liberty (Right to Life). |
| Article 21A |
Right to Education. |
| Article 22 |
Protection of rights in certain cases (Preventive Detention). |
| Article 23 |
Prohibition of human trafficking and forced labour. |
| Article 24 |
Prohibition of child labour. |
| Article 25–28 |
Right to Freedom of Religion. |
| Article 29–30 |
Cultural and Educational Rights. |
| Article 32 |
Right to Constitutional Remedies (Heart & Soul of Constitution – Dr. B.R. Ambedkar). |
🔹 Part IV – Directive Principles of State Policy (Articles 36 to 51)
| Article |
Description |
| Article 36 |
Definition of the State (same as in Article 12). |
| Article 39 |
Directive principles – Equal pay, adequate livelihood, etc. |
| Article 40 |
Organization of Village Panchayats. |
| Article 44 |
Uniform Civil Code. |
| Article 45 |
Early childhood care and education. |
| Article 48 |
Organization of agriculture and animal husbandry. |
| Article 50 |
Separation of judiciary from executive. |
| Article 51 |
Promotion of international peace and security. |
🔹 Part IVA – Fundamental Duties (Article 51A)
| Article |
Description |
| Article 51A |
Lists 11 Fundamental Duties of citizens, added by the 42nd Amendment (1976). |
🔹 Part V – The Union (Articles 52 to 151)
🏢 The Executive
| Article |
Description |
| Article 52 |
The President of India. |
| Article 53 |
Executive power of the Union. |
| Article 54 |
Election of President. |
| Article 61 |
Procedure for impeachment of President. |
| Article 63 |
The Vice President of India. |
| Article 66 |
Election of Vice President. |
| Article 74 |
Council of Ministers to aid and advise the President. |
| Article 75 |
Appointment of Prime Minister and other Ministers. |
🏛️ The Parliament
| Article |
Description |
| Article 79 |
Constitution of Parliament. |
| Article 80 |
Composition of Rajya Sabha. |
| Article 81 |
Composition of Lok Sabha. |
| Article 100 |
Voting in Houses, power of Houses. |
| Article 108 |
Joint Sitting of both Houses. |
| Article 110 |
Definition of Money Bill. |
| Article 123 |
Power of President to promulgate Ordinances. |
⚖️ The Judiciary
| Article |
Description |
| Article 124 |
Establishment of Supreme Court. |
| Article 125–147 |
Jurisdiction, powers, and functioning of Supreme Court. |
| Article 136 |
Special leave to appeal by Supreme Court. |
| Article 141 |
Law declared by Supreme Court binding on all courts. |
| Article 143 |
Power of President to consult Supreme Court. |
🔹 Part VI – The States (Articles 152 to 237)
| Article |
Description |
| Article 153 |
Governors of States. |
| Article 154 |
Executive power of the State. |
| Article 163 |
Council of Ministers to aid and advise the Governor. |
| Article 164 |
Appointment of Chief Minister and other Ministers. |
| Article 168 |
Constitution of State Legislatures. |
| Article 200 |
Governor’s assent to Bills. |
| Article 213 |
Power of Governor to promulgate Ordinances. |
| Article 214 |
High Courts for States. |
| Article 226 |
Power of High Court to issue writs. |
🔹 Part IX – Panchayats (Articles 243 to 243O)
Introduced by 73rd Constitutional Amendment (1992) – provides constitutional status to Panchayati Raj Institutions.
🔹 Part IXA – Municipalities (Articles 243P to 243ZG)
Introduced by 74th Constitutional Amendment (1992) – provides constitutional status to Urban Local Bodies.
🔹 Part XIV – Services under the Union and States (Articles 308 to 323)
| Article |
Description |
| Article 312 |
All India Services (IAS, IPS, IFS). |
| Article 315 |
Public Service Commissions for the Union and States. |
| Article 320 |
Functions of Public Service Commissions. |
🔹 Part XV – Elections (Articles 324 to 329)
| Article |
Description |
| Article 324 |
Election Commission of India. |
| Article 325–329 |
Provisions related to elections to Parliament and State Legislatures. |
🔹 Part XVIII – Emergency Provisions (Articles 352 to 360)
| Article |
Type of Emergency |
Description |
| Article 352 |
National Emergency |
During war, external aggression, or armed rebellion. |
| Article 356 |
President’s Rule |
Failure of constitutional machinery in States. |
| Article 360 |
Financial Emergency |
Threat to the financial stability of India. |
🔹 Part XX – Amendment of the Constitution (Article 368)
| Article |
Description |
| Article 368 |
Procedure for amendment of the Constitution. |
🔹 Part XXI – Temporary, Transitional, and Special Provisions (Articles 369 to 392)
Includes special provisions for certain States like Jammu & Kashmir, Nagaland, etc.
🔹 Part XXII – Short Title, Commencement, Authoritative Text (Articles 393–395)
| Article |
Description |
| Article 393 |
Short title – The Constitution of India. |
| Article 394 |
Commencement of the Constitution. |
| Article 395 |
Repeal of Indian Independence Act, 1947. |
📘 Quick Revision – Top 10 Most Asked Articles in Exams
- Article 14 – Equality before law
- Article 19 – Right to Freedom
- Article 21 – Right to Life and Personal Liberty
- Article 32 – Right to Constitutional Remedies
- Article 51A – Fundamental Duties
- Article 72 – Pardoning power of President
- Article 243 – Panchayati Raj
- Article 280 – Finance Commission
- Article 324 – Election Commission
- Article 368 – Constitutional Amendment
🏁 Conclusion
The Articles of the Indian Constitution form the backbone of the Indian polity.
For any aspirant preparing for government exams, understanding them clearly helps in both MCQs and descriptive answers.
Keep revising and stay updated with the latest amendments to score high in exams!
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